Topic 11 Study Guide
MLK and Civil Disobedience - Martin Luther King Jr. helped organize and lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. Although he got arrested, the protest lasted 381 days until the Supreme Court took the case and declared the discrimination unconstitutional. Black people could now get on the bus and sit anywhere they wanted, without having to pay more or give up their seat based on race. He used the method of civil disobedience under his non-violent peace and equality movements.
Power of the "Mob" - Whenever you have a lot of supporters, the task always seems easier. MLK taught his followers to be civilly disobedient to resist violence and prove their point. The mob usually controls the outcome of the event because it's based on a majority system.
Plessy v. Ferguson : Brown v. Board of Education - Plessy vs Ferguson is the Supreme Court law that acknowledged "separate but equal" accommodations for blacks and whites. This case was deemed unconstitutional in 1954 by Brown vs Board of Education; So Brown vs Board basically overturned Plessy vs Ferguson.
Civil Rights Goals - In the 1960s, civil rights really started to become a big issue. People finally attempted the push for change; this was either carried out with nonviolence or "by any means necessary." Rights of equality in education and society were the main concerns (Little Rock 9, MLK civil disobedience, freedom rides, Malcolm X peace and harmony)
Eisenhower's Role in Little Rock - The students of Little Rock, Arkansas were prevented from entering the racially segregated school due to Governor Orval Faubus ordering the Arkansas National Guard to blockade the black students outside of the school. These students were now faced with more danger than ever because along with the National Guard, came angry mobs. In response to this, President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce integration and protect the nine students. On September 24, 1957, the 101st Airborne Division of the US Army overpowered the 10,000 National Guard members, taking it out of the governor's hands.
Rights of the Accused - Gideon v Wainwright said that the 6th Amendment requires counsel for defendants who are unable to afford their attorney, taxes will pay for legal representation. Escobedo v Illinois said that criminal suspects have the right to counsel during police interrogation ("shut up and ask for an attorney!") Miranda v Arizona said that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with a counsel prior to interrogation.
Brown v Board of Education - the decision of the US Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.
Chavez and United Farm Workers - Cesar Chavez formed the United Farm Workers and helped organize strikes and civil disobedience for migrant workers. Even though he fought for rights of immigrants, he did not support their act of immigrating because he could only help the workers already there and couldn't handle anymore.
FHA & ADA - The Federal Housing Administration: US government agency that insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. The goals are to improve housing standards and conditions, provide and adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans and to stabilize the mortgage market. The Americans with Disabilities Act: enacted by the US Congress in 1990. It is a wide ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
Purpose of Filibusters - Filibuster are used to stop the opposing side from speaking. This tactic was used in the House of Representatives and the Senate to stop the Civil Rights Legislation from being passed. The speaker usually just talks nonstop about random things and is ironically quite successful.
Sit-ins & Protests - A sit-in is a form of protest that involves occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment. The protesters remain until are evicted by force or arrested. They have historically been successful because they cause disruption that draws attention to the protesters' cause and are non-violent. Other protests were civil disobedience, violence, mobs, strikes and fasting.
Civil Rights Goals - In the 1960s, civil rights really started to become a big issue. People finally attempted the push for change; this was either carried out with nonviolence or "by any means necessary." Rights of equality in education and society were the main concerns (Little Rock 9, MLK civil disobedience, freedom rides, Malcolm X peace and harmony)
Eisenhower's Role in Little Rock - The students of Little Rock, Arkansas were prevented from entering the racially segregated school due to Governor Orval Faubus ordering the Arkansas National Guard to blockade the black students outside of the school. These students were now faced with more danger than ever because along with the National Guard, came angry mobs. In response to this, President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce integration and protect the nine students. On September 24, 1957, the 101st Airborne Division of the US Army overpowered the 10,000 National Guard members, taking it out of the governor's hands.
Rights of the Accused - Gideon v Wainwright said that the 6th Amendment requires counsel for defendants who are unable to afford their attorney, taxes will pay for legal representation. Escobedo v Illinois said that criminal suspects have the right to counsel during police interrogation ("shut up and ask for an attorney!") Miranda v Arizona said that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with a counsel prior to interrogation.
Brown v Board of Education - the decision of the US Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.
Chavez and United Farm Workers - Cesar Chavez formed the United Farm Workers and helped organize strikes and civil disobedience for migrant workers. Even though he fought for rights of immigrants, he did not support their act of immigrating because he could only help the workers already there and couldn't handle anymore.
FHA & ADA - The Federal Housing Administration: US government agency that insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. The goals are to improve housing standards and conditions, provide and adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans and to stabilize the mortgage market. The Americans with Disabilities Act: enacted by the US Congress in 1990. It is a wide ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
Purpose of Filibusters - Filibuster are used to stop the opposing side from speaking. This tactic was used in the House of Representatives and the Senate to stop the Civil Rights Legislation from being passed. The speaker usually just talks nonstop about random things and is ironically quite successful.
Sit-ins & Protests - A sit-in is a form of protest that involves occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment. The protesters remain until are evicted by force or arrested. They have historically been successful because they cause disruption that draws attention to the protesters' cause and are non-violent. Other protests were civil disobedience, violence, mobs, strikes and fasting.
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